SCIENCE

The Science of Climate Change

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"Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations," Geophysical Research Letters, March 15, 1999, Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley, and Malcolm K. Hughes

* NASA's 26-second animation shows the heating of the planet since 1880 (Jan. 2012)

* Warming is outpacing European bird migrations (Jan. 2012)

* Traditional 2* C target now seen as "prescription for disaster"  (Dec. 2011)

* Emissions rose 49 percent since 1990 (Dec. 2011)

* Warming has created a "new normal" in the Arctic (Dec. 2011)

* 2010 emissions exceed "worst case scenario"  (Nov. 2011)

* IPCC studies link between warming and earthquake activity (Oct. 2011)

* Deep oceans are masking earth's heat build-up (Sept. 2011)

* Warming is displacing food fish in waters around UK (Sept. 2011)

* Natural gas:  a"bridge" to nowhere -- study (Sept. 2011)

* Intensifying weather extremes:  the new normal (Aug. 2011)

* Animals moving faster to escape the heat (Aug. 2011)

* Methane burst triggerred ancient mass extinctions    (July, 2011)

* Arctic sea ice found melting four times faster than climate models project (Aug. 2011) 

* Forests found to absorb more than 10 percent of carbon emissions (July,, 2011)

* Insect destruction of forests rises threefold in five years (July, 2011)

* Computer models cannot anticipate rapid climate snaps (July, 2011)

* Rate of warming continues its relentless acceleration    (June, 2011)

* US Atlantic sea levels rising faster than any time in last 2,000 years (June, 2011)

* Carbon fuel  burning is driving  mass ocean extinctions    (June, 2011)

* April weather extremes in US seen as "unprecedented"  (June, 2011)

* Study: Permanent hotter summers seen  in 20 years    (June, 2011)

* Accelerating Arctic melt raises sea level rise estimates (May, 2011)

*Antarctic penguins, krill in "freefall" (April, 2011)

* Freshwater pool could trigger rapid cooling in North Atlantic (April, 2011)

* UN Food agency warns of potential catastrophic climate impacts on food (April, 2011)

* Arctic plankton blooming 50 days earlier than 14 years ago (March, 2011)

* Amazon drought generated as much CO2 as US   (Feb. 2011)

* Thirty percent of species could go extinct from warming (Jan. 2011)

* 2010 sets record as wettest year, ties for hottest on record    (Jan. 2011)

* Researchers link climate change to Queensland floods (Jan. 2011)

* Scientists discover dramatic increase in methane release (Jan. 2011)

* Acidification may endanger marine nitrogen cycle (Dec. 2010)

* Warming oceans pushing toward Antarctic meltdown   (Dec. 2010)

* GHGs reach record 386.8 ppm in 2009 (Nov. 2010)

* Grizzlies will weather warming better than polar bears (Nov. 2010)

* Warming troposphere lays skeptics' satellite argument to rest  (Nov. 2010)

* NOAA: the changes in the Arctic are irreversible    (Oct. 2010)

* Scientists expect massive drought impacts by 2030  (Oct. 2010)

* Large areas of soils found drying out   (Oct. 2010)

* Warming is driving crops northward    (Oct. 2010)

* Earth's water cycle is changing rapidly   (Oct. 2010)

* Acidification is decimating clams' shells (Oct. 2010)

* Study suggests warming contributes to bee population decline      (Sept. 2010)

* Greenland Ice Sheet loses 100 square miles, biggest loss since 1962 (Aug. 2010)

* Rapid decline in phytoplankton population stuns scientists   (July, 2010)

* Coral reef deaths soar in record ocean heat      (July, 2010)

* First half of 2010 was hottest such period on record  (July, 2010)

* Massive Greenland glacier retreats one mile in one night   (July, 2010)

* Indonesia's glaciers "are dying" (July, 2010)

* Malaria soars with small rainforest reductions  (June, 2010)

* Oceans have stored more heat than they released over past 16 years  (May, 2010)

* CO2 causing "irreversible" destruction of ocean life systems (June, 2010)

* Himalayan glacier melt puts 60 million people at risk of food shortages    (June, 2010)

* Warming pushes many small mammal species to the brink (June, 2010)

* Polar bears face rapid "tipping point" (May, 2010)

* Excess CO2 robs plants of nitrogen nutrients     (May, 2010)

* Greenland's "rebound" startles researchers (May, 2010)

* April 2010 was the warmest April on record -- NOAA (May, 2010)

* Warming may have driven lizards beyond a point of no return (May, 2010)

* Ocean acidity has risen 30 percent in 200 years (April, 2010)

* Earlier spring blooms driven by atmospheric warming (April, 2010)

* Royal Society links climate changes to geological shocks (April, 2010)

* Melting glaciers may trigger more volcano eruptions   (April, 2010)

* Allergies soar as temperature rises (April, 2010)

* Solar changes alter jetstream flows (April, 2010)

* Glacier National Park may be ice-free by 2020 (April, 2010) 

* Desert spreading "like cancer" in the Middle East (April, 2010)

* House of Commons clears CRU's Jones of most "climategate" charges (March, 2010)

* Gulf Stream seems not to be slowing down  (March, 2010)

* Greenland ice melt exceeds projections    (March, 2010)

* NASA study debunks "global cooling"   (March, 2010)

* Lower solar radiance won't offset global warming (March, 2010)

* Algae "fertilization" found toxic to marine life   (March, 2010)

* IPCC process to be reviewed by 15 national science panels (March, 2010)

* IPCC understates case for human-induced warming (March, 2010)

* Arctic seabed methane spike startles scientists  (March. 2010) 

* Rate of ocean acidification unprecedented in last 65 million years   (Feb. 2010)

* IPCC errors trigger push for panel's reform  (Feb. 2010)

* 2009 tied for  second hottest year on record (Jan. 2010)

* Recent cooling attributed to stratospheric dry spell  (Jan. 2010)

* 2000-2009 is the hottest decade on record   (Jan. 2010) 

* Earth may be entering a new Pliocene era   (Jan. 2010)

* Increased leakage of seabed methane startles scientists (Jan. 2010)

* Nitrogen deficit will reduce absorption capacity of vegetation (Jan. 2010)

* Ecosystems migrating to keep pace with warming (Dec. 2009)

* "Safe" warming could make one-fifth of all species extinct  (Dec. 2009)

* Peat: the underacknowledged carbon "time bomb"  (Dec. 2009) 

* Disappearing glaciers threaten to overwhelm Bolivia's cities    (Dec. 2009)

* 2010 projected to be hottest year on record   (Dec. 2009)                                  

* Arctic sea ice found far more fragile than satellites indicated (Nov. 2009)  

* Climate changing far more quickly than scientists' projections (Nov. 2009)

* Climate-driven crop shortages fuel African wars (Nov. 2009)

* Acidifying oceans are absorbing less CO2 (Nov. 2009)

* Scientists: current trend leads to 6* C rise in temperatures (Nov. 2009)

* Increase in number of record high temperatures confirms warming (Nov. 2009)

* Scientists alarmed by "drastic changes" in the Arctic (Oct. 2009)

* Drought is decimating Kenya's wildlife (Oct. 2009)

* Arctic summer sea ice will vanish in a decade (Oct. 2009)

* 15-million-year precedent finds CO2 sensitivity to be high (Oct. 2009)

* Extra weight from meltwater may trigger earthquakes (Oct. 2009)

* Six degree rise by 2100 is inevitable: UNEP (Sept. 2009)

* Earth has already passed three tipping points: Study (Sept. 2009)

* Ice sheet meltdown seen accelerating (Sept. 2009)

* Methane found bubbling up from Arctic sea floor (Sept. 2009)

* Arctic geese skip winter migration as planet warms (Sept. 2009)

* Even slow warming could halve crop yields  (Sept. 2009)

* Report declares "code red" for great barrier reef (Sept. 2009)

* World's oceans hotter than at any time on record (Aug. 2009)

* Warming will expand earth's deserts by one third (Aug. 2009)

* One degree rise in peatlands could release 38 megatonnes of carbon each year (July, 2009)

* Speed of warming to outpace projections in next five years (July, 2009)

* Study: all clouds seen as amplifying warming (July, 2009)

* Amazon rainforest very vulnerable  to likely temperature rise (June. 2009)

* Scientists: "Abrupt and irreversible shifts" increasingly likely (June, 2009)

* Ozone hole intensifies acidification of Southern Ocean (June, 2009)

* Nobel panel: six years to avert "unmanageable climate risks" (May, 2009)

* Warming-driven food shortages could crash civilization (April, 2009)

* Temperatures seen doubling earlier projections by 2100 (May, 2009)

* Scientists see CO2 "overshoot" in 20 years (April, 2009)

* Wildfires seen as positive feedback in warming process (April, 2009)

* Antarctica's largest ice shelf disintegrates  (April, 2009)

* Arctic meltdown poses global threat to humanity. (March, 2009)

* Scientists: oceans will rise as much as three meters (March, 2009)

* Acidification found thinning shells of sea animals (March, 2009)

* Drought turns Amazon rainforest into net carbon emitter (March, 2009)

* Lovelock: climate catastrophes will decimate civilization (Feb. 2009)

* Active hurricane seasons seem to correlate with fewer winter storms (Jan. 2009)

* Scientists find Antarctica is warming (Jan. 2009)

* Canadian forests found to be sources of CO2 (Jan. 2009)

* Greenhouse gases hit all-time high concentrations (Nov. 2008)

* Scientists detect greenhouse warming in Antarctica (Nov. 2008)

* Atmosphere is ripe for climate disaster now. (Nov 2008)

* Current warming trend is steepest in 5,000 years (Nov. 2008)

* Scientists startled by Arctic seabed methane releases (Sept. 2008)

* Schellnhuber: Any CO2 over 280 ppm is unsafe (Sept. 2008)

* Higher temperatures turn plants to CO2 sources (Sept. 2008)

* Arctic melt may signal warming is "unstoppable" (Sept. 2008)

* Temperatures of last decade unmatched in 1300 years (Sept. 2008) 

* Scientists astounded by speed of prehistoric deep freeze (Aug. 2008)

* Canada loses huge chunk of ice shelf (July, 2008)

* Scientists amazed at speed of ancient "climate snaps" (June, 2008)

* Ocean warming is expanding marine "dead zones" (May, 2008)

* Warming to spawn fewer -- but more intense -- hurricanes (May, 2008)

* Scientists at NASA and other research labs tie more tornadoes to warming (May, 2008)

* Ocean carbon saturation could have a 1,500-year impact (April, 2008)

* Scientists declare 350 ppm a "safe level" of CO2 (Dec. 2007)

* Chief Scientists: "Dangerous warming" is inevitable (Dec. 2007)

* UN Declares Earth is in Code Red (Oct. 2007)

 * Warming is making for a wetter world (Oct. 2007)

* IPCC: "Too late" to avoid dangerous climate impacts (Sept. 2007)

* Scientists predict new warming spike in two years (Aug. 2007)

* Desertification poses major threat to political stability -- UN (June, 2007)

* Warming progressing three times faster than anticipated (June, 2007)

* Three species go extinct every hour (May, 2007)

* Scientists shocked by carbon levels in the Southern Ocean (May, 2007)

* EC concerned that biofuels will threaten rainforests (April, 2007)

* Earth's climate sentivity consistent for 420 million years (March, 2007)